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*****************************************************************************
AMIGA BBCEMULATOR DRAFT DOCUMENTATION VERSION 0.95
COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES (UK) LTD. ARIADNE SOFTWARE LTD.
(C) Copyright 1988 CBM (UK) Ltd. All rights reserved.
Commodore Business Machines (UK) Ltd. Ariadne Software Ltd.
Commodore House, 273 Kensal Road,
The Switchback, LONDON
Gardner Road, W10 5DB
Maidenhead,
Berks SL6 7XA 01 960 0203
0628 770088
*****************************************************************************
CIRCULATION : CONFIDENTIAL within the terms of the CBM (UK) agreement.
Not to be copied or redistributed in any form without
the permission of CBM (UK) Ltd.
DOCUMENT EDITION : Revision 3, 16th November 1988. This revision by DaveP.
*****************************************************************************
AMIGA BBCEMULATOR VERSION 0.95 - DRAFT DOCUMENTATION
*****************************************************************************
Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Amiga BBCEmulator is a program which will turn part of your Amiga into
something rather, but not exactly, like a BBC Model B with BASIC 2 and DFS.
It runs as a PROCESS on its own screen within the Amiga multi-tasking
operating system; thus you can run it AT THE SAME TIME as Amiga programs
like editors and Workbench accessories. This means that if you have an
Amiga 2000 with Bridgecard and a reasonable amount of memory, you can run
BBC applications, PC applications, and native Amiga applications at the same
time if you so wish, with easy transfer of data between the different
environments. You can even run several BBCEmulators at once if you want to!
Our principal objective in creating the BBCEmulator has been to run existing
education software, written in BBC BASIC or in a mixture of BASIC and
6502 assembler, as well as possible - WITHOUT killing off the Amiga's native
advantages such as split screens and multi-tasking. Speed of execution of
BBC BASIC is very good - we have clocked speeds of over seven times faster
than the original on some programs. We can also run programs written
entirely in 6502 assembler - however, since we are having to emulate
6502 (RISC chip) hardware in 68000 (CISC chip) software, this isn't nearly
as fast, and isn't recommended for serious applications.
Emulator strategy has been to create a "bridge" from the BBC operating system
through to the Amiga's operating environment. This means that we can run
nearly all "legal" BBC software which uses BASIC and the OS - ie software
which will run on things like 6502 second processors. We cannot however run
"illegal" software that dodges the OS and goes direct to BBC screen memory
or to the hardware. In practice, this means that we can run nearly all
educational programs written in BASIC or a mixture of BASIC and assembler,
but not things like arcade-style games - sorry!
Principal components of the BBCEmulator software are as follows:
Beebos: A "bridge" from the BBC operating system through to the Amiga
graphics libraries, maths libraries, etc.
DFS: "Disk furtling system" - a bridge from DFS through to AmigaDOS.
BASIC: A new implementation of BBC BASIC, re-coded from scratch in 68000
assembler, but with the aim of being as compatible as possible with
BBC BASIC 2 (except for the bugs!). A VERY fast implementation,
though we say it ourselves.
6502: An emulation of the 6502 chip, written in 68000 assembler - enables
programs which call assembler subroutines to work properly, though
not as fast as the original.
Other elements in the software are a "CLI environment" entered by *GO, and
a simple 6502 monitor, entered by *MONITOR.
This documentation assumes basic familiarity with the Amiga environment as
explained in the User Guide; it also assumes familiarity with the BBC
computer. Material needing a more advanced understanding of the Amiga
system are flagged as "Techy notes" - ignore these if you want to.
Getting started
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You should first backup the BBCEmulator disk and put the original in a safe
place - you MAY NOT however make copies except for your own use on your
own machine, except by special agreement with Commodore.
To get started in the BBCEmulator, you should insert your copy of the master
disk, open the disk by double-clicking on its Icon, then invoke the
BBCEmulator by double clicking on the Icon. The disks will turn for
a bit while it fetches various bits and pieces; if you a running on a single
drive system you may be prompted to reinsert your Workbench for the
BBCEmulator to load certain Amiga system libraries. You should then find
yourself in the BBCEmulator.
Note that the BBCEmulator expects to find BASIC in the same drawer as itself -
so if you copy the program somewhere else, you should move BASIC as
well. If it can't find BASIC you will find yourself in the CLI environment,
the prompt for which is a star '*'.
To PAUSE the BBCEmulator, perform a mouse-click anywhere in the BBCEmulator
screen; this will also give you an Amiga "drag bar" at the top of the screen,
which can be used to pull it up and down, or rearrange it relative to the
Workbench and any other screens you may have open. With the BBCEmulator in
pause mode, it is possible to run various accessories from the Amiga
Workbench and Extras disk, including Palette and GraphicDump utilities.
To get rid of the drag bar and get the BBCEmulator running again, click again
anywhere in the BBCEmulator screen below the drag bar.
To EXIT the BBCEmulator, enter the special command:
*CLOSEDOWN
TECHY NOTE: In order to run properly, the BBCEmulator needs to be on a PAL
Amiga with at least 300K free memory, with a 68000 (not 68010 etc)
processor. It also expects to find mathstrans.library in its LIBS:
directory. If any of these conditions aren't met, it will fail to open.
The keyboard
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The first thing you will probably want to do on entering the BBCEmulator is
to press CAPS LOCK - this is in order to talk to BASIC sensibly.
The BBCEmulator pays attention to your Keymap and Preferences settings as
determined by your Amiga Workbench. Note that Preferences determine things
like key repeat delays - things like *FX 11 and 12 have no effect. The
numeric keypad works as would be expected.
Certain keys are "stolen" by the BBCEmulator to have special effects. These
are as follows:
Function keys - as BBC function keys; F10 used for F0
Cursor keys - as BBC cursor keys for copy key editing, etc
Backspace - acts like BBC DELETE
Del - acts like copy key
Help - acts like BREAK
Note that some protection has been applied to the BREAK facility - to BREAK
it is necessary to HOLD DOWN LEFT AMIGA (CBM key on some A500s) THEN PRESS
HELP. This performs a "warm boot" like BBC BREAK; you can also perform a
"cold boot" by HOLDING DOWN CTRL AND LEFT AMIGA THEN PRESSING HELP. Cold
boot differs from warm boot in that it resets the programmable function keys,
and resets the DFS - note that this involves a few seconds pause for disk
activity if you are running on floppies.
Graphics modes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The BBCEmulator supports the following graphics modes:
0 640 x 256 2 colours 80x32
1 320 x 256 4 colours 40x32
2 320 x 256 16 colours 20x32
3 text only 2 colours 80x25
4 320 x 256 2 colours 40x32
5 320 x 256 4 colours 20x32
6 text only 2 colours 40x25
7 Teletext display 40x25
Note that in modes 2 and 5 the horizontal resolution is actually double
the original - which doesn't seem to be a problem. The double width
(20 column) characters are rendered accurately however.
The BBC's Teletext (Mode 7) display is emulated in software in the
BBCEmulator. Mode 7 is the fastest mode on the BBC, but the slowest
mode on the BBCEmulator. This is because we are having to emulate character-
based hardware in pixel-based software - think of a very skilled painter
trying to create text as fast as a crummy old typewriter.
The speed of BBCEmulator Mode 7 should be more than fast enough for all
practical application purposes; however it is not recommended for program
editing. For this reason, the "power up default" for the BBCEmulator has
been set to Mode 6.
Note that Teletext HOLD and RELEASE graphics are not available in version
0.95 of the BBCEmulator.
Vdu drivers
~~~~~~~~~~~
The following VDU calls are supported:
VDU 0 No effect
VDU 1 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 2 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 3 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 4 Text at text cursor
VDU 5 Text at graphics cursor
VDU 6 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 7 Make a beep
VDU 8 Backspace cursor
VDU 9 Forwardspace cursor
VDU 10 Move down cursor
VDU 11 Move up cursor
VDU 12 Clear text window
VDU 13 Carriage return
VDU 14 Page mode on
VDU 15 Page mode off
VDU 16 Clear graphics window
VDU 17 Change text colour
VDU 18 Change graphics colour - GCOL 0 ONLY
VDU 19 Change colour palette
VDU 20 Restore default palette
VDU 21 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 22 MODE
VDU 23 User-defined character
VDU 24 NOT YET AVAILABLE
VDU 25 PLOT
VDU 26 Default windows
VDU 27 No effect
VDU 28 Define text window
VDU 29 Define graphics origin
VDU 30 Home cursor
VDU 31 Move cursor
VDU 127 Backspace and delete
Note that the BBCEmulator character set is always fully "exploded" - meaning
that any character from 32 to 126 and 128 to 255 can be redefined using
VDU 23. VDU 23,1 to switch cursor on/off is supported, as are various
variations on VDU 23,0. Other uses of VDU 23,0 are NOT supported however.
Note also that GCOL modes 1 to 4 are not available from the Amiga
graphics library, and are therefore not supported.
Operating system commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The following standard commands are supported via the BBCEmulator CLI:
*CAT <drive>
*BASIC
*CODE [X,Y] - NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
*EXEC <file>
*FX A [,X,Y]
*GO [<address>]
*HELP [<subject>]
*KEY N <string>
*LOAD <file> [<address>]
*LINE <text> - NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
*MOTOR 0/1 - NO EFFECT
*OPT X,Y - OPT 4 ONLY
*RUN <file>
*ROM - NO EFFECT
*SAVE <file><start><end/+ln>[<x>][<ld>]
*SPOOL <file>
*TAPE - NO EFFECT
*TV X,Y - NO EFFECT
*GO by itself will enter a special "CLIPrompt" environment, with a '*'
prompt; to get back to BASIC use '*BASIC'.
A number of special commands are also supported; these are discussed
elsewhere in this document.
*AEXEC [<file>]
*ASPOOL [<file>]
*CLOSEDOWN
*CONNECT [<baud>]
*FORCECLOSE
*ICOPY <source> <dest> <files>
*IMPORT <source> <dest>
*MONITOR
*SEVER
ASPOOL and AEXEC
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*ASPOOL and *AEXEC are like their DFS equivalents, but take an AmigaDOS
path-name as a parameter, and work in AmigaDOS compatible format. They
are used to transfer text files between the BBCEmulator and the standard
Amiga environments. For example, to export a program Eric to the Amiga RAM
disk in AmigaDOS compatible format, use
*ASPOOL RAM:Eric
LIST
*ASPOOL
This file could then be edited using an Amiga editor such as MicroEmacs; it
could then by imported back again by
NEW
*AEXEC RAM:Eric
Printer redirection by CTRL-B is not yet supported explicitly within the
BBCEmulator. For the time being, a good way to get a program listing is
*ASPOOL PRT:
LIST
*ASPOOL
Alternatively, you might prefer to ASPOOL to a RAM: file as above, start a
new CLI on the Workbench, then on this CLI enter
COPY RAM:Eric PRT:
This will allow you to print as a background process, without holding up the
BBCEmulator.
If you have Workbench 1.3, you may wish to experiment communicating directly
between BBCEmulator and other Amiga processes by means of "pipes". For
example, try pulling down the BBCEmulator in front of an AmigaDOS CLI on
Workbench, load a BASIC program in BBCEmulator, then type
TYPE PIPE:A in the AmigaDOS CLI
then *ASPOOL PIPE:A in the BBCEmulator
LIST
*ASPOOL
*ASPOOL, *AEXEC and Pipes can be used to establish direct communication
between two copies of the BBCEmulator - if anyone can think of any possible
use for this!
Disk Furtling System
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Disk Furtling System allows an Amiga "drawer" or directory to appear
as a complete DFS disk to the BBCEmulator. Silly DFS limitations like 31
files per drawer have been retained for reasons of strict compatibility -
tell us if you think we should increase this - however, it is possible to
have as many DFS drawers as you like on any Amiga disk.
The BBCEmulator startup default is to assign DFS drives 0 to 3 to Amiga
drawers Drive0, Drive1, Drive2 and Drive3. This can be changed later using
*ASSIGN - eg to assign DFS drive 0 to the Amiga RAM disk use
*ASSIGN 0 RAM:
or, more generally,
*ASSIGN <DFS drive number> <AmigaDOS path name>
The DFS expects to find its files in the form $.ERIC (<directory>.<name>),
and its catalog information in a special file DFSCat. If you try to assign
to a drawer without a DFSCat you will get a warning message "No catalog";
if you try to access a drive which has not been assigned or which has no
catalog you will get an error message "Drive not valid". If you forget where
a drive is assigned, you can find out by just typing
*ASSIGN <drive>
It is possible to access a DFS drawer from outside the BBCEmulator -
eg from the Amiga CLI, or from a utility program such as CLIMate. If you
have been making changes in the drawer from outside the BBCEmulator, then you
can build a new DFSCat by using the command
*MAKE <drive>
eg to get a valid DFS "disk" in the Amiga RAM disk, you should
*ASSIGN 0 RAM:
*MAKE 0
If any files of the form <dir>.<name> are found in the specified directory,
MAKE will prompt with the filename; you can then enter a (hex) load address
followed optionally by an execution address, or just press return if this
has no relevance.
If you have added or deleted files to an existing DFS drawer from outside
the BBCEmulator, then you can update the DFSCat to reflect just the changes
made by
*REMAKE <drive>
Standard DFS and UTILS commands supported are:
*ACCESS <files> [L]
*COMPACT <drive>
*COPY <sdrive> <ddrive> <files>
*DELETE <file>
*DIR <dir>
*DRIVE <drive>
*ENABLE
*INFO <files>
*LIB <lib>
*RENAME <from> <to>
*TITLE <name>
*DISC
*DISK
*BUILD <file>
*DUMP <file>
*LIST <file>
*TYPE <file>
*BACKUP, *DESTROY and *WIPE are not supported - it is easier to perform
this sort of operation from the Amiga CLI (or CLIMate etc), then to fix
up the DFS directory using *REMAKE. Individual DFS Drawers can be copied
from disk to disk by dragging the "disk drive" Icons; complete BBCEmulator
disks can be backed up by dragging the Icons in the normal manner.
BBCEmulator non-standard DFS commands are as follows:
*ASSIGN <drive> [<path>]
*BOOT [<drive>]
*MAKE <drive>
*REMAKE <drive>
Note that the characters $ and / have special meanings to AmigaDOS - in
order to avoid confusing the system, these characters appear as pound signs
(Amiga ALT-L) and as broken vertical bars (ALT-I) in AmigaDOS directories
respectively.
Import facilities
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The BBCEmulator contains special commands to allow existing files to be
transferred from a BBC with DFS, by means of a serial cable. PLEASE
NOTE that this is intended to allow you to transfer your own files, and
public domain software; using it to transfer commercial software is almost
certainly a breach of licencing agreement - in exactly the same way as making
unauthorized copies by any other mechanism. The amount of piracy in
education is increasingly encouraging anyone any good at writing educational
software to pack it in and do something else, so please don't add to the
problem - we mean this!
In order to transfer files which you are legitimately entitled to, you will
need a serial cable to run between the BBC's RS423 and the Amiga's RS232
ports. A standard "null-modem" cable (ie one in which data in and out are
crossed, NOT a "modem" cable where they go straight through) should do fine;
if you don't have one you will need to have a cable made up as follows:
BBC data in pin A to Amiga TXD pin 2
BBC data out pin B to Amiga RXD pin 3
BBC 0V pin C to Amiga system 0V pin 7
BBC CTS pin D to BBC RTS pin E
Code transfer is supported via the following commands:
*CONNECT
*SEVER
*IMPORT
*ICOPY
To connect at the default baud rate (9600 baud), ensure the lead is
connected correctly, enter the BBCEmulator, and type
*CONNECT
This will prompt you to enter a command at the BBC end (*FX 2,1), then
press any key on Amiga. Connection will then either then proceed ok, and
the BBC will print a message indicating that it is under remote control
from the Amiga, or it will fail - eg because the lead isn't right - and
the Amiga will print "Connect failed". Connection can be terminated by
pressing ESC.
To connect at a different baud rate - eg 1200 baud, type
*CONNECT 1200
then follow the instructions printed. Baud rates supported are 150, 300,
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19200, though the last is NOT guaranteed - indeed
it doesn't work properly at the moment!
Note that use of the lower baud rates MIGHT allow *CONNECT to be used over
a modem link. This is not recommended however except over error correcting
modems, as the error checking in the program itself is only very simple.
To disconnect "politely" and free the remote machine, enter
*SEVER
To disconnect "rudely" perform a BREAK (left-Amiga HELP) on the BBCEmulator.
The far end will then have to be manually reset by pressing BREAK.
Having connected, it is then possible to copy files. To copy an entire disk
from remote drive 1 to BBCEmulator drive 0 use
*IMPORT 1 0
Note that this will erase the previous contents of BBCEmulator drive 0. More
generally, use
*IMPORT <remote source drive> <BBCEmulator destination drive>
To copy files selectively, use *ICOPY. To copy files from directory B on
remote drive 1 to BBCEmulator drive 0 use
*ICOPY 1 0 B.*
More generally, the syntax is
*ICOPY <source> <destination> <files>
where <files> is an Ambiguous File Specification as used by *COPY.
IMPORT or ICOPY can be terminated politely by pressing ESC, which will cause
termination after the current file has been completed, or rudely by pressing
BREAK (left-Amiga HELP), which will terminate immediately. In the latter
case, it will be necessary to reset the remote machine (press BREAK) then
reconnect before trying again.
NOTE that IMPORT and ICOPY are designed to work with standard DFS on the
remote machine. Non-standard systems are not guaranteed to work correctly.
Boot facilities
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you are using the system's default ASSIGNs, then having imported a disk
to drive 0, you can then "boot" the disk by the special command
*BOOT 0
Alternatively, you can both invoke the BBCEmulator and auto-boot the disk
by double-clicking on the corresponding "5 1/4 disk" icon on the Amiga
Workbench. This will start the BBCEmulator and boot the disk. As soon as the
application is finished - at the point where it would return to the BASIC
'>' prompt - the BBCEmulator will exit back to the Amiga Workbench.
Techy note - More about booting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Readers reasonably familiar with the Amiga may appreciate the following
additional information about booting:
The "5 1/4 disk" Icons are Amiga project Icons, set with stack size 16000, and
Default Tool = BBCEmulator. You can use IconEd, or various public domain Icon
edit tools to create custom imagery for boot icons for particular programs.
The effect of double clicking on a 5 1/4 disk icon "Boot1" (or whatever) is in
fact to force the BBCEmulator automatically to AExec file "Boot1" on entry.
The default contents of this file are:
*FORCECLOSE
*ASSIGN 0 DRIVE1
*BOOT 0
but you can change this for special purposes using an editor like Emacs. The
trick of forcing the BBCEmulator to close down instead of returning to BASIC
'>' prompt (or CLI environment '*' prompt) is achieved using the special
command
*FORCECLOSE
Note that if a *FORCECLOSE has been performed, then an ordinary BREAK (LEFT-
AMIGA-HELP) will exit the BBCEmulator. However, a hard break (CTRL-LEFT-
AMIGA-HELP) will override *FORCECLOSE, and stay in the system.
It is also possible to run the BBCEmulator from the Amiga CLI environment,
using a command such as
BEEB BOOT0
where "BOOT0" is the name of a file to AExec on entry. NOTE that in order
to do this, you should first CD to the directory containing the BBCEmulator
and BASIC (or the system won't find BASIC); you should also set the stack
to at least 16000 using the STACK command. Reader's familiar with the
Amiga's s:startup-sequence will realize that it is therefore possible to
create a "turnkey" disk, that will automatically boot a BBCEmulator
application after a disk is inserted on the power-up prompt for Workbench.
BBC BASIC
~~~~~~~~~
BBCEmulator BASIC is a new version of BBC BASIC, coded in 68000 assembler.
Keywords supported are as follows:
ABS ACS ADVAL AND
ASC ASN ATN AUTO
BGET BPUT CALL CHAIN
CHR$ CLEAR CLG CLOSE
CLS COLOUR COS COUNT
DATA DEF DEG DELETE
DIM DIV DRAW ELSE
END ENDPROC ENVELOPE EOF
EOR ERL ERR ERROR
EVAL EXP EXT FALSE
FN FOR GCOL GET
GET$ GOSUB GOTO HIMEM
IF INKEY INKEY$ INPUT
INSTR( INT LEFT$( LEN
LET LINE LIST LN
LOAD LOCAL LOG LOMEM
MID$( MOD MODE MOVE
NEW NEXT NOT OFF
OLD ON OPENIN OPENOUT
OPENUP OR OSCLI PAGE
PAGE PI PLOT POINT(
POS PRINT PROC PTR
RAD READ REM RENUMBER
REPEAT REPORT RESTORE RETURN
RIGHT$( RND RUN SAVE
SGN SIN SOUND SPC
SQR STEP STOP STR$
STRING$( TAB( TAN THEN
TIME TO TRACE TRUE
UNTIL USR VAL VDU
VPOS WIDTH
The only areas of possible difficulty are as follows:
Floating Point Precision - The BBCEmulator uses the Amiga's "fast floating
point" maths routines - these are VERY fast, but work to only four bytes
precision, as opposed to five bytes on the BBC. The default value of
@% is therefore set to &060A as opposed to &090A, giving six rather than
nine decimal places of accuracy.
CALL with parameters - The simple cases of CALL (eg CALL P%, CALL &3000)
work fine; the exotic cases where CALL is passed a list of variables are
however not supported, and give an error message "Not implemented".
This is because 68000 BBC BASIC uses a different internal variables
representation to the 6502 version.
ENVELOPE - Passed to the OS, but not yet implemented.
ADVAL command - always returns zero.
Negative INKEY - always returns zero.
GCOL modes 1 to 4 - not supported by the OS.
6502 Monitor
~~~~~~~~~~~~
A simple 6502 monitor is included, loosely based on the old PET monitors like
Supermon! Entry is via *MONITOR; commands are
* execute CLI command
Q exit monitor
M display memory
. alter memory
R display registers
; alter registers
D disassemble
G go
Commands are typically followed by one or more hex parameters, eg
M 0000 0100 display page zero
M 0200 display block from $0200
M display next block
D 8000 8020 disassemble from $8000 to $8020
D A000 disassemble next block from $A000
D disassemble next block
G 8000 execute from $8000
G execute from current PC
'.' and ';' are designed so that register and memory contents can be
changed by cursoring up, then using the copy key from the start of the
line in question.
Operating system
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Calls currently supported under the 6502 emulator are as follows:
GSINIT - Fully supported
GSREAD - Fully supported
OSFIND - All DFS compatible options
OSGBPB - All DFS compatible options
OSBPUT - Fully supported
OSBGET - Fully supported
OSARGS - All DFS compatible options
OSFILE - All DFS compatible options
OSRDCH - Keyboard or exec file only
OSASCI - Fully supported
OSNEWL - Fully supported
OSWRCH - Screen or spool file only
OSWORD - Nearly all calls supported
OSBYTE - Major calls supported
OSCLI - Fully supported
Indirection via the Page 2 vectors is NOT properly supported under version
0.95.
OSBYTE calls supported are as follows:
OSBYTE &00 Identify Operating System Version
OSBYTE &01 Read/write the user flag - NOT YET
OSBYTE &02 Select input stream - NOT YET
OSBYTE &03 Select output stream - NOT YET
OSBYTE &04 Enable/disable cursor editing
OSBYTE &06 Set character ignored by printer - NOT YET
OSBYTE &07 Set RS423 baud rate for receiving data - NOT YET
OSBYTE &08 Set RS423 baud rate for transmitting data - NOT YET
OSBYTE &09 Set duration of the mark state of flashing colours
OSBYTE &0A Set duration of the space state of flashing colours
OSBYTE &0F Flush selected buffer class
OSBYTE &12 Reset soft keys
OSBYTE &13 Wait for vertical sync - NOT YET
OSBYTE &14 Explode soft character RAM allocation
OSBYTE &15 Flush selected buffer
OSBYTE &77 Close any SPOOL or EXEC files
OSBYTE &7C Clear ESCAPE condition
OSBYTE &7D Set Escape condition
OSBYTE &7E Acknowledge detection of an ESCAPE condition
OSBYTE &7F Check for end-of-file on an opened file
OSBYTE &81 Read key with time limit
OSBYTE &82 Read machine high order address
OSBYTE &83 Read top of operating system RAM address (OSHWM)
OSBYTE &84 Read bottom of display RAM address (OSLWM)
OSBYTE &85 Read bottom of display RAM address for a specified mode
OSBYTE &86 Read text cursor position (POS and VPOS)
OSBYTE &87 Read character at text cursor position - NOT YET
OSBYTE &88 Execute code indirected via USERV - NOT YET
OSBYTE &91 Get character from buffer - NOT YET
OSBYTE &DA Read/write number of items in VDU queue
OSBYTE &E1 Read/write function key status
OSBYTE &E2 Read/write SHIFT+function key status
OSBYTE &E3 Read/write CTRL+function key status
OSBYTE &E4 Read/write CTRL+SHIFT+function key status
OSBYTE &E5 Read/write status of ESCAPE key
OSBYTE &E6 Read/write ESCAPE effects
OSWORD calls supported are as follows:
OSWORD &00 Read line from input stream to memory
OSWORD &01 Read system clock
OSWORD &02 Write system clock
OSWORD &03 Read interval timer
OSWORD &04 Write interval timer
OSWORD &07 Generate a sound
OSWORD &08 Define an envelope - NOT YET
OSWORD &09 Read pixel colour
OSWORD &0A Read character definition
OSWORD &0B Read the VDU palette
OSWORD &0C Write the VDU palette - NOT YET
OSWORD &0D Read current/previous graphics cursor position - NOT YET